February 1 on the Irish calendars, old and new, has always been predominantly associated with the feast of our national patroness, Saint Brigid of Kildare. Perhaps less well-known is the other abbess of Kildare with whom she shares her feast day. I found as I was reading Canon O'Hanlon's account of Saint Derlugdacha below, that there were many aspects of this saint's life and cult that I would like to research further. I was aware that there was a devotion to both of these holy abbesses in Scotland, but Canon O'Hanlon mentions that the Scottish hagiologist Thomas Dempster (1579-1625) also attempted to associate her with a family of 'Scottish' saints who went to Germany. Dempster caused great annoyance in Ireland by ignoring the reality that in the early middle ages Ireland was frequently described as 'Scotia' and its inhabitants 'Scotti', and then proceeding to claim Irish saints for his own country. I agree with O'Hanlon's analysis that although the existence of a cult of the saint in Germany seems to be proven, it does not follow that the saint herself ever set foot in Germany. It would therefore be interesting to know by what means devotion to this Irish saint was brought to Bavaria. The hagiography of Saint Brigid depicts a very close relationship between Kildare's founder and her successor to the extent that Derlugdacha asks to leave this world at the same time. This wish is granted but only one year after Saint Brigid's death. Interestingly, exactly the same motif is present in the hagiography of our tertiary patron, Saint Colum Cille, who shares his June 9th feast day with his kinsman and successor Baithin, who followed him from this world on the same day a year later. I hope to post again in the future on Saint Derlugdacha as I would be interested in researching her cult in Scotland and Bavaria. I have made a preliminary post on her connection with Abernethy in Scotland on my other site here, but for now Canon O'Hanlon gives us an overview of this interesting saint from Volume II of his Lives of the Irish Saints:
St. Derlugdacha, Virgin, and Second Abbess of Kildare
[Fifth and Sixth Centuries.]
[Fifth and Sixth Centuries.]
Lives of holy celibates are noted in the earliest historical annals of the Church. A nun, according to the signification of the word, in numerous languages, is a virgin or widow, consecrated to God, by the three vows of chastity, poverty, and obedience, and obliged to live in a convent under a certain rule. From the first age of our receiving the Christian Faith, female religious were thus distinguished in Ireland. The Acts of St. Derlugdacha, as given by Colgan and the Bollandists, afford illustrations. Other writers on ecclesiastical history and saints' lives commemorate the present holy virgin, on St. Brigid's festival day. Some brief notices of this saint are to be found, likewise, in Bishop Challoner's work, at the 1st of February. It must be allowed, that Colgan's assumption, regarding this saint having been one of St. Patrick's disciples and veiled by him, is over-strained. Her holy alumna, or foster-child, however, is incidently mentioned in the Acts of St. Brigid, the illustrious patroness of Ireland. From these sources, we are informed, that Derlugdacha, or as she is less correctly called, Dardulacha, was under St. Brigid's guidance and belonged to her community. She lived in the fifth, and in the earlier part of the sixth, century. It is most probable, Derlugdacha passed her novitiate, and the chief part of her life, at Kildare monastery; but of this, we are not certain. Regarding her family and birthplace, we have no account worthy of credence. Although, it has been asserted, by Dempster, that this saint was a sister, in his opinion, to the holy martyrs, Gunifort and Gunibald - that she went from Scotia in company with her two brothers and a sister to Germany, in the year 420; and that the Irishman will in vain claim her as a countrywoman; still the Scotsman's assertions rest on no trustworthy authority, and they are not truthfully applicable to the history of our saint. This writer neither produces his authority as indeed he could not—nor assigns any fair grounds for his several temerarious statements. It cannot be inferred, because we have it recorded, that two sisters of Saints Gunifort and Gunibald suffered martyrdom in Germany, and that St. Derlugdacha—or as Dempster calls her, Dardulacha—had been venerated at Frisinga, or Frisengen, in Germany, that our saint had been one of these sisters. They were virgins and martyrs, whilst our saint was not crowned with martyrdom. And even, though it be admitted, that our Derlugdacha had been venerated at Frisingan, or Freysingen, in Germany, it does not follow that she had travelled thither. Dempster's own assertions are even self-contradictory. Having brought those brothers and sisters, from their native country, to Germany, in 420; he makes the two latter suffer martyrdom, in the place to which they went, while their brothers were present, exhorting them to constancy. Moreover, one of the brothers, St. Gunibald, is thought by Dempster to have been translated to bliss, A.D. 417; both these brothers, subsequently to the martyrdom of their sisters, and successively, having died in Italy for the faith of Christ. Here, indeed, we have a rare tissue of absurdities, and at variance with correct chronology. We do not find it stated, by any reliable author, that St. Derlugdacha had either a brother or sister. Nor do we find it well authenticated, that she even left her own country. She was venerated probably at Frisingia, in Germany, and also in Scotland. One account has it, that Darlugtach, virgin, and the disciple of St. Brigid, went over to North Britain, during the third year of the reign of Nectan, son of Morbet, the thirty-ninth King of the Picts. She is said to have concurred with him, during her second year's sojourn in the first foundation of an ancient church at Abernethy. Furthermore, it has been stated, that when Nectan dedicated Abernethy to St. Brigid, the abbess of Kildare, where her undying fire was kept burning, according to the legend, Darlughdach sang Alleluia at the offering. Nor, is it likely, the virgin exiled herself in 420, at which time her superioress, St. Brigid, was not even born, according to most trustworthy accounts. Equally false is Hanmer's statement, that Derlugdacha had a daughter, and for which account he refers to a legend, regarding St. Brigid. St. Derlugdacha appears to have always remained a virgin, and to have been distinguished, for a general purity of life and morals ; even, although on one occasion, she had yielded to a grievous sin of thought, contrary to chastity. This assault of the enemy, she was at length enabled to repress; and, by the voluntary infliction of great bodily pain on herself, she obtained a glorious victory over carnal temptations. This incident, as related, happened while St. Brigid and her ward chanced to spend a night with some people, living in a certain village. Strongly assailed by the tempter, while St. Brigid lightly slept, Derlugdacha arose from bed; but, impressed by the fear and love of God, as also through reverence for her holy superior, the young nun applied live coals of fire to her feet, thus endeavouring to counteract her mental torment. Between the impulses of nature and grace a severe mental conflict is often experienced. The devil urges to the prosecution of a first evil design, by filling the imagination with illusions and pleasures of his suggestion. But, the grace of God proves still more effectual in a dangerous juncture, and when sought for with earnestness. Betaking oneself to prayer, and entreating Divine protection to preserve from sin, will secure a victory over the very strongest temptation. With scorched feet, our saint returned to her bed. The holy Brigid happened to be awake, while her religious daughter endured this painful trial of constancy. Yet, the pious abbess did not break silence. On the following day, Derlugdacha confessed her sin of thought to the sainted abbess. Brigid then said to her: "My daughter, I have witnessed your contest, but because you have nobly resisted, and have subjected your feet, to the action of material fire, you shall not be tempted, henceforward, with carnal desires, while the flames of hell shall not affect you, at a future period." Then, St. Brigid applied a sign of the cross on Derlugdacha's feet, and healed them, so that no trace or mark remained, to indicate their having suffered by fire.
Because of her fortitude and fidelity, Derlugdacha was specially called St. Brigid's alumna, or foster-child, and on account of efforts made to emulate the virtues of her holy superioress. Among all other religious daughters, under the Abbess of Kildare, a particular affection seems to have been entertained for her alumna. This regard was cordially returned by our saint. Such was Derlugdacha's remarkable and fervent love towards God, and devotedness towards her superioress, that she desired to depart from this world, on that day, when St. Brigid was about to be called to her everlasting reward. For, when this holy servant of Christ had been pressed down with the weight of advancing years, Brigid's favourite foster-child one day said to her superioress: "My mother and mistress, I desire to go with you instantly to God's kingdom." To which the saintly and venerable mother abbess replied : " It shall not so happen, but you shall succeed me as abbess for one year, and when it will have expired, you shall die on the anniversary day of my departure, and the same date must commemorate my festival and thine." This prophecy was duly fulfilled. Thus, united in life and love with the venerable Brigid, as our saint desired to obtain a closer union with her superioress, at the death and final triumph of the latter; so, Derlugdacha obtained the object of her petition, although in a manner somewhat modified. The Almighty, who unalterably guards his own wise decrees, is yet attentive to the pious desires of his petitioners, and he becomes the rewarder of all virtues. As his spouses were engaged in the exercises and pursuit of piety, so was it meet, that they should be everlastingly and unitedly crowned. But, he wished Derlugdacha, the favourite scholar of Brigid, to survive her holy mistress, for the exact term of one year. She wept over the bier of Kildare's great abbess. God obliged our saint to exercise the office of superioress over that institution, and to become St. Brigid's immediate successor there, during a very short interval. Such duties Derlugdacha efficiently discharged, and she acquired thereby an additional degree of merit; for, when her allotted term of life had expired, she departed from this world, on the very anniversary day of St. Brigid's decease. While both saints enjoy a united society in happiness inexpressible, so are they commemorated on earth, and on the same festival day, the 1st of February. This is attested, not only by Irish, but even by foreign writers. St. Derlugdacha's memory has been preserved in benediction, we are told, not alone at Kildare in Ireland, but even at Frisingan and in Scotland. Her death has been assigned to A.D. 524, by Colgan, as he places St. Brigid's departure at the year immediately preceding, A.D. 523. Dr. Lanigan observes, that Derlugdacha died in the year 524 or 526, according as the death of St. Brigid may be computed, while he allows her festival to have been undoubtedly on the 1st of February. The Rev. Thomas Innes and Bishop Forbes have notices of her at this date. The Irish and Scottish Kalendars commemorate St. Derlughdacha, or Derlugtach. Her mere name, Derlugach, is noticed in the Martyrology of Tallagh, at the 1st of February. In the anonymous Calendar of Irish Saints published by O'Sullivan Beare, at this day, Derludaha is entered. In the Martyrology of Donegal, on this day, we read that Derlughach, Abbess of Cill Dara, and the next in succession after Brighit, was venerated. Another feast of this same virgin Darlugtach was celebrated in Scotland on the 1st of October. In pursuing a course of penitence, let the sinner after conversion become a follower of Christ by virtuous deeds, as hitherto evil promptings had urged the following of Satan by inclining to sin. When the clouds are darkest they often only foretoken a change, which covers the earth in a livery of the very whitest snow. Notwithstanding, the sinner's lapse into crimes, yet may he rest assured, that God will pardon those very offences, of which he has truly repented. Living a holy life and dying a holy death, subsequently, a merciful Lord adopts the prodigal, and restores him to favour.
Content Copyright © Omnium Sanctorum Hiberniae 2012-2015. All rights reserved.
Because of her fortitude and fidelity, Derlugdacha was specially called St. Brigid's alumna, or foster-child, and on account of efforts made to emulate the virtues of her holy superioress. Among all other religious daughters, under the Abbess of Kildare, a particular affection seems to have been entertained for her alumna. This regard was cordially returned by our saint. Such was Derlugdacha's remarkable and fervent love towards God, and devotedness towards her superioress, that she desired to depart from this world, on that day, when St. Brigid was about to be called to her everlasting reward. For, when this holy servant of Christ had been pressed down with the weight of advancing years, Brigid's favourite foster-child one day said to her superioress: "My mother and mistress, I desire to go with you instantly to God's kingdom." To which the saintly and venerable mother abbess replied : " It shall not so happen, but you shall succeed me as abbess for one year, and when it will have expired, you shall die on the anniversary day of my departure, and the same date must commemorate my festival and thine." This prophecy was duly fulfilled. Thus, united in life and love with the venerable Brigid, as our saint desired to obtain a closer union with her superioress, at the death and final triumph of the latter; so, Derlugdacha obtained the object of her petition, although in a manner somewhat modified. The Almighty, who unalterably guards his own wise decrees, is yet attentive to the pious desires of his petitioners, and he becomes the rewarder of all virtues. As his spouses were engaged in the exercises and pursuit of piety, so was it meet, that they should be everlastingly and unitedly crowned. But, he wished Derlugdacha, the favourite scholar of Brigid, to survive her holy mistress, for the exact term of one year. She wept over the bier of Kildare's great abbess. God obliged our saint to exercise the office of superioress over that institution, and to become St. Brigid's immediate successor there, during a very short interval. Such duties Derlugdacha efficiently discharged, and she acquired thereby an additional degree of merit; for, when her allotted term of life had expired, she departed from this world, on the very anniversary day of St. Brigid's decease. While both saints enjoy a united society in happiness inexpressible, so are they commemorated on earth, and on the same festival day, the 1st of February. This is attested, not only by Irish, but even by foreign writers. St. Derlugdacha's memory has been preserved in benediction, we are told, not alone at Kildare in Ireland, but even at Frisingan and in Scotland. Her death has been assigned to A.D. 524, by Colgan, as he places St. Brigid's departure at the year immediately preceding, A.D. 523. Dr. Lanigan observes, that Derlugdacha died in the year 524 or 526, according as the death of St. Brigid may be computed, while he allows her festival to have been undoubtedly on the 1st of February. The Rev. Thomas Innes and Bishop Forbes have notices of her at this date. The Irish and Scottish Kalendars commemorate St. Derlughdacha, or Derlugtach. Her mere name, Derlugach, is noticed in the Martyrology of Tallagh, at the 1st of February. In the anonymous Calendar of Irish Saints published by O'Sullivan Beare, at this day, Derludaha is entered. In the Martyrology of Donegal, on this day, we read that Derlughach, Abbess of Cill Dara, and the next in succession after Brighit, was venerated. Another feast of this same virgin Darlugtach was celebrated in Scotland on the 1st of October. In pursuing a course of penitence, let the sinner after conversion become a follower of Christ by virtuous deeds, as hitherto evil promptings had urged the following of Satan by inclining to sin. When the clouds are darkest they often only foretoken a change, which covers the earth in a livery of the very whitest snow. Notwithstanding, the sinner's lapse into crimes, yet may he rest assured, that God will pardon those very offences, of which he has truly repented. Living a holy life and dying a holy death, subsequently, a merciful Lord adopts the prodigal, and restores him to favour.
Content Copyright © Omnium Sanctorum Hiberniae 2012-2015. All rights reserved.
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